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Objective@#To describe the clinical features, causal agent and transmission mode of a fever outbreak in a school in Shanghai.@*Methods@#Field epidemiological approaches including case definition development, searching for contacts, distribution of diseases description, environmental sampling and laboratory testing.@*Results@#A total of 16 influenza like cases were included, all concentrated in the one class of grade two, including 15 students and 1 teacher. Among student cases, the incidence rate was 36.59% (15/41), the average age was 7.4 years, the incidence rate was 36.84%(7/19) for boys, 36.36%(8/22) for girls. The clinical course was 5-15 days, with the median of 9 days, and 18.75%(3/16) of the cases stayed studying while sick. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens in 16 cases all tested positive for influenza B, of which 11 tested positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae and 1 case also tested positive for coronavirus OC43. Body temperature, number of mononuclear cells, and treatment time of patients infected with Influenza B and mycoplasma pneumoniae were higher than those of patients infected with influenza B alone( P <0.05). The outbreak lasted for 12 days, all sick students were treated and discharged from hospital, with no severe cases or death, and the outbreak was effectively controlled.@*Conclusion@#This campus cluster outbreak caused by influenza B and mycoplasma pneumoniae. Patients with influenza B with mycoplasma pneumoniae have severe symptoms and a long course of illness, suggesting the importance of early management of the epidemic.
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Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model is a system that co-culture carriers with 3D structural materials and different types of cells in vitro to simulate the microenvironment in vivo. This novel cell culture model has been proved to be close to the natural system in vivo. In the process of cell attachment, migration, mitosis and apoptosis, it could produce biological reactions different from that of monolayer cell culture. Therefore, it can be used as an ideal model to evaluate the dynamic pharmacological effects of active substances and the metastasis process of cancer cells. This paper compared and analyzed the different characteristics of cell growth and development under two-dimensional (2D) and 3D model culture and introduced the establishment method of 3D cell model. The application progress of 3D cell culture technology in tumor model and intestinal absorption model was summarized. Finally, the application prospect of 3D cell model in the evaluation and screening of active substance was revealed. This review is expected to provide reference for the development and application of new 3D cell culture models.
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Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional , Cell Culture Techniques , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , TechnologyABSTRACT
Objective:To study the relationship between red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and short-term mortality in elderly patients with hip fragility fractures.Methods:The clinical data and blood routine test at admission of 205 elderly patients with brittle hip fractures who were admitted to our hospital from 2020 to 2021 and were followed up for one year were retrospectively analyzed.The comorbid conditions, RDW and cumulative mortality at 6 months and 1 year after fractures were counted, and the relationship between RDW and short-term mortality were analyzed.Results:The 6-month(6.7% and 20.8%, χ2=8.591, P=0.003)and 1-year(6.7% and 26.7%, χ2=14.818, P<0.001)mortality of patients with ≤1 comorbidity were significantly lower than those of patients with ≥2 comorbidities.Moreover, the 6-month and 1-year mortality in patients with RDW>13.5% were significantly higher than those of patients with RDW ≤ 13.5%.The proportion of RDW>13.5 % in patients with at least two comorbidities was significantly higher than that in patients with ≤1 comorbidity.Taking RDW=13.6% as the cut-off value of 6-month and 1-year mortality, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting 6-month mortality were 71.4 % and 59.9 %, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting 1-year mortality were 64.7 % and 59.6 %, respectively. Conclusions:Red cell distribution width is associated with short-term mortality, and higher RDW is associated with a higher risk of mortality among elderly patients with brittle hip fractures.
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With the rapid development of hospice care, more and more people pay attention to the quality of life of patients at the end of life. Due to the dialysis-related complications, heavy burden of comorbidities and cognitive impairment, elderly hemodialysis patients have poor quality of life, which brings heavy physiological, psychological and economic burdens to patients, families and society. Advance care planning can improve patients′ quality of life and save limited medical resources. By referring to relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper reviewed the overview of advance care planning, the necessity of discussing advance care planning with elderly hemodialysis patients, the implementation status and the obstacle factors. The purpose was to provide theoretical reference for better implementation of intervention treatment in elderly hemodialysis patients in China in the future.
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Objective:To analyze the risk factors of poor short-term outcome in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE).Methods:The data were collected retrospectively from patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from March 2016 to January 2021. According to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), eighty-one patients with AE were divided into the good prognosis group (mRS≤2, n=48) and the poor prognosis group (mRS>2, n=33). The clinical data, including the basic demographic data, main clinical manifestations, cranial MRI and electroencephalogram, as well as laboratory indicators from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were compared between two groups, and the risk factors for poor outcome were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value of these risk factors on predicting the poor short-term outcome for the AE patients. Results:The time of hospitalization was significantly longer in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group ( P<0.05). Prevalence of severe disease course at admission, abnormal mental and behavior, δ wave and δ brush of abnormal EEG was significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). Serum leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, mononuclear cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin(PCT), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, apoA1/B, calcium, sodium, anion gap in serum, CSF oligoclonal bands, CSF-IgG index and antibody titer were significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.05). Severity of illness at admission ( OR=1.816, 95% CI 1.250-2.639, P=0.002), PCT ( OR=1.345, 95% CI 1.008-1.794, P=0.044), antibody titer in serum ( OR=1.422, 95% CI 1.071-1.888, P=0.015), CSF-IgG index ( OR=1.802, 95% CI 1.035-3.138, P=0.037) and anionic gap ( OR=1.640, 95% CI 1.191-2.259, P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for the poor short-term prognosis of patients with AE. The AUC value of combing the above 5 indexes to predict the poor short-term prognosis in patients with AE was 0.920 (95% CI 0.834-0.971), with 83.87% sensitivity and 88.37% specificity. Conclusion:Severity of illness at admission, PCT, antibody titer in serum, CSF-IgG index and anionic gap are the independent risk factors of poor short-term prognosis in patients with AE and the combination of these 5 indexes can sufficiently predict the poor short-term prognosis in patients with AE.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) characteristics of heart involvement in patients with Fabry disease (AFD).Methods:From January 2018 to March 2021, eight AFD patients [3 males and 5 females, mean age (50±11) years old, range 26-60 years old] confirmed by genetic testing or pathology in Fuwai Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. At the same time, sixteen patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [6 males and 10 females, mean age (46±15) years old] and 16 healthy individuals [6 males and 10 females, mean age (51±11) years old] were included as controls. The clinical baseline data and CMR data of the patients were collected and analyzed. The CMR data were analyzed using the software CVI42, with the corresponding parameters automatically generated. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences in the parameters among the three groups. Independent-samples t test, Fisher precise test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparison between each two groups. Results:Statistically significant difference was found in renal insufficiency between the HCM group and the AFD group; No other significant difference was found in other clinical factors and ECG results (all P>0.05). CMR results showed that in the AFD group, there were 5 cases with symmetric or roughly symmetric hypertrophy, and 3 with asymmetric hypertrophy. The late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) showed myocardial enhancement in 5 patients, mainly presenting as multiple intermural enhancement, and partially as local subendocardial enhancement. In the HCM group, fourteen cases suffered mainly asymmetric ventricular septal thickening, with or without thickening of other parts of left ventricular wall; and 2 cases had thickening of middle and distal part of the left ventricle. The LGE showed myocardial enhancement in 14 patients, which manifested as focal or patchy enhancement in hypertrophic myocardium, including focal enhancement in the right ventricular insertion of ventricular septum (more common) and subendocardial enhancement in the middle and far segments of left ventricle. Statistically significant difference was found in the differences between the left atrial anterior posterior diameter, the maximum wall thickness of left ventricular, the left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) and the native T 1 value among the three groups (all P<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the left atrial anterior posterior diameter and the maximum wall thickness of left ventricular between AFD group and HCM group ( P>0.05). The LVMI in AFD group was higher than that in healthy group and HCM group (all P<0.05). Significant difference was found in the native T 1 value among the three groups, with the native T 1 value of the AFD group [(1 177.4±46.0) ms] was significantly lower than that of the healthy group [(1 244.5±34.3) ms] and the HCM group [(1 278.8±41.6) ms], with ( F=13.10, P<0.001). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of AFD and HCM are quite similar. When AFD is suspected, CMR imaging should be the first choice for imaging examination. Especially, T 1 mapping imaging can provide important information for the diagnosis of AFD.
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Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation and free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 71 patients with thoracolumbar fracture admitted to Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2018 to May 2020. There were 52 males and 19 females, with age range of 22-54 years［(41.0±7.8)years］. Of all, 33 patients were treated with robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation (Group A) and 38 patients were treated with free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach (Group B). Following parameters were measured, including frequency of radiation exposure, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, rate of fracture healing at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up, anterior vertebral body height ratio and sagittal Cobb angle preoperatively, at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up, and rate of screw implantation of grade A and B and rate of facet joint violation at 3 days postoperatively.Results:All patients were followed up for 10-24 months［(15.2±4.4)months］. Frequency of radiation exposure and operation time showed no statistical differences between the two groups (both P>0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 100(100, 135)ml in Group A, less than 160(120, 200)ml in Group B ( P<0.01). Length of hospital stay was 8(7, 11) days in Group A, shorter than 12(10, 16)days in Group B ( P<0.01). There were no complications such as infection, spinal nerve injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage in both group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of fracture healing at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). VAS and ODI in Group A was 3(2, 4)points and 21(18, 23)points at 3 days postoperatively, lower than 4 (3, 5)points and 27(20, 32)points in Group B ( P<0.05 or 0.01), and the two groups showed no significant differences in VAS and ODI at other time points (all P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the anterior vertebral body height ratio or sagittal Cobb angle between the two groups at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). Rate of screw implantation of grade A and B was 96.5% (191/198) in Group A, higher than 90.4% (206/228) in Group B ( P<0.05). Rate of facet joint violation was 4.0%(8/198) in Group A, lower than 11.8% (27/228) in Group B ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For thoracolumbar fracture, robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation is superior to free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in terms of less bleeding, shorter hospitalization, earlier pain alleviation, higher accuracy of screw implantation and lower risk of facet joint violation.
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ObjectiveIn order to solve the problem that the quality and stability of Arisaema Cum Bile in the fermentation process with hybrid bacteria were not easy to control， the microorganism in the fermentation process of Arisaema Cum Bile was isolated and identified， the dominant strains were screened and the fermentation process of Arisaema Cum Bile with compound bacteria was investigated. MethodThe submerged culture during the fermentation process of Arisaema Cum Bile was taken out for strain separation and purification. Bacteria and fungi multiphase identification and detection methods and automatic microbial analysis system were used to analyze and compare DNA sequences and identify microorganisms. The isolated and identified strains were respectively inoculated and fermented. After screening the dominant strains， a preliminary exploration of compound strain fermentation were carried out. The contents of index components in Arisaema Cum Bile fermented by compound strain and traditional Arisaema Cum Bile were compared by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）. Mmobile phase was 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-2 min， 35%-45%A； 2-10 min， 45%-48%A； 10-12 min， 48%-100%A； 12-12.01 min， 100%-35%A； 12.01-15 min， 35%-65%A）， the flow rate was set at 0.35 mL·min-1. The mass spectrographic analysis employed electrospray ionization （ESI）， negative ion acquisition mode and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） scanning mode were adopted to collect information， the collection range was m/z 50-1 000. ResultEight microorganisms were isolated and identified from the submerged culture of Arisaema Cum Bile. Among them， Enterococcus sp. （anaerobic） and E. casseliflavus were selected as the dominant strains in the fermentation process. Compared with the traditional fermentation method， the contents of chenodeoxycholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and hyocholic acid in free cholic acid increased by 1.76， 0.06， 0.19 mg·g-1， respectively. In bound cholic acid， glycochenodeoxycholic acid， taurochenodeoxycholic acid， glycohyodeoxycholic acid， taurohyodeoxycholic acid， glycohyocholic acid， taurine porcine cholic acid decreased by 0.63， 0.23， 0.26， 0.16， 0.03， 0.04 mg·g-1， respectively. ConclusionArisaema Cum Bile with compound strain fermentation （Enterococcus sp. and E. casseliflavus） can be fermented more completely， the fermentation cycle can be shortened， and the quality and stability of products can be improved.
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OBJECTIVE： To prepare β-sitosterol （shorted fo r “Sit”） and its deri vatives from the fruit of Sorbus pohuashanensis，and to investigte their antidepressant activities. METHODS ：Using the fruit of S. pohuashanensis as raw material ， extracted with 75％ ethanol and 20％KOH solution ，Sit was obtained after extraction and crystallization. C 3 hydroxyl group of Sit was used as the structural modification site ，CH2Cl2 was used as the reaction solvent ，DMAP was used as catalyst ，EDCI was used as dehydrating agent ，4 kinds of organic acids （salicylic acid ，2-tetrahydrofuranic acid ，phenylalanine，sorbic acid ）were added to make the carboxylation reaction to produce ester derivatives Sit-S ，Sit-T，Sit-P and Sit-Sr. The chemical structure of its derivatives were elucidated by IR and NMR. The tail suspension test and the forced swimming model were used to preliminarily explore the antidepressant active components of Sit and 4 kinds of derivatives ；tail suspension test and the spontaneous exercise capacity test were used to screen effective dose of the compounds with antidepressant active. The compound was used alone or in combination with agomelatin [ 40 mg/kg，5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT）and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist] ，haloperidol [ 0.2 mg/kg，non-selective D2 receptor antagonist] and bicuculline [ 4 mg/kg，competitive γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）antagonist]，respectively. Sixty minutes after intraperitoneal injection ，tail suspension test was performed. The levels of 5-HT，dopamine（DA）and GABA in brain tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. The blank control group was given intraperitoneal injection of 10％ propylene glycol solution. RESULTS：By spectrum technology ，the corresponding ester compounds were synthesized by the reaction of Sit with four kinds of organic acids. Among Sit and its four derivatives ，the immobility time of Sit-S group was the shortest in tail suspension test and forced swimming test ，which was significantly shorter than that of blank control group （P＜0.05）. Screening results of Sit-S showed that the effective antidepressant dose was 4 mg/kg， ＊ and it did not affect the spontaneous activity of mice compared with the blank control group （P＞0.05）. With this dose ，Sit-S could significantly shorten the immobility time of mice in tail hua1666@163.com suspension test （P＜0.01），and can s ignificantly increase the ·64levels of 5-HT，DA and GABA in the brain tissue of mice （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），but its effect can be reversed by agomelatine ， haloperidol and bicuculline to different extent. CONCLUSIONS ：Sit salicylate derivatives Sit-S exhibits good antidepressant activity，and its mechanism of action may be mediated by increasing the levels of 5-HT，DA and GABA.
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Objective:To observe the technique of using the random flap with a subcutaneous pedicle forone-stage reconstuction of anterior auricular conchal defect and its efficancy.Methods:Ten cases were involved in this study, including 3 cases of carcinoma, 6 cases of nevus, and one with iatrogenic detect. Six patients were men, and 4 were women. Their ages were 2 months to 68 years (mean 57 years). Surgical defect size ranged from 1.0 cm×1.0 cm to 2.5 cm×1.5 cm. They were resected and reconstructed using the retroauricular random flap of the subcutaneous pedicle.Results:10 wounds were healed by first intention. The appearance and functionality of the flap matched well with the receiptive site. During 6 to 24 months of follow-up, no tumor or nevus recurred. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of the POSAS assessment scale.Conclusions:Aesthetic results are achieved with satisfactory appearance and functionality by this easy-to-learn technique in comparative short surgical time.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features, liver histopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF)-associated hepatic vascular disease and portal hypertension. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical and pathological features of 68 patients who were diagnosed with PMF in 960 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, from July 2010 to December 2020, among whom 22 patients had hepatic vascular disease/portal hypertension as the main manifestation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thrombosis, and treatment and prognosis were summarized. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and the log-rank test was used to compare long-term survival rate between the two groups. Results Among the 68 patients with PMF, 22 had hepatic vascular disease and/or portal hypertension, resulting in a prevalence rate of 32.35%, and among these 22 patients, 13 (59.1%) had extrahepatic portal vein occlusion, 1 (4.5%) had Budd-Chiari syndrome, and 8 (36.4%) had portal hypertension. Biopsy was performed for 7 patients, and pathological results showed extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and varying degrees of infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils at the lobular and portal areas, but the lobular structure was normal. A total of 7 patients died during follow-up, among whom 5 died of complications associated with thrombosis or portal hypertension. The overall median survival time was 57.99 months for all patients; the median survival time was 45.33 months in patients with thrombosis and 64.00 months in patients without thrombosis, and although there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 =3.035, P =0.081), the non-thrombosis group tended to have better survival and prognosis than the thrombosis group. Conclusion The possibility of PMF as the primary disease should be considered for patients with hepatic vascular disease and portal hypertension. Patients with PMF should be screened for hepatic vascular disease, and early intervention should be given. The patients without thrombosis tend to have better survival and prognosis than those with thrombosis.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of Aconitum injection on cartilage oligomeric matrix protein （COMP）， encoded protein by tumor suppressor gene p53（p53 protein）and bone morphogenetic protein 2（BMP-2）in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）model rabbit ，so as to explore the mechanism of the injection in the treatment of KOA. METHODS ：Totally 24 rabbits were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ，Sodium hyaluronate group and Aconitum injection group ，with 6 rabbits in each group. KOA model was established by injecting 2％ papain-0.03 mol/L L-cysteine solution into the articular cavity of rabbits in model group ，sodium hyaluronate group and Aconitum injection group at the 1st，4th and 7th day ，respectively，except the blank group. At the 1st，4th and 7th day after modeling succeeded ，0.1 mL/kg of normal saline ，Sodium hyaluronate injection and Aconitum injection were injected into the articular cavity of rabbits ，respectively. The cartilage tissue of knee joint was taken from above 4 groups，and the contents of COMP and p 53 protein were detected by ELISA. The cartilage morphology of rabbit knee joint was observed by naked eye. The cartilage of the knee joint was collected and stained by HE staining ，and then the histomorphology changes were observed by light microscope ；Mankin scoring was conducted. The two-step method of PV was used to make the immunohistochemical specimens of knee joint cartilage ，and the relative expression of BMP- 2 was detected. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the edge of cartilage was damaged and the cartilage surface was damaged in the model group. The results of histomorphology observation showed that the joint tissue structure was obviously irregular ，the distribution of chondrocytes was disordered with morphological changes ，and the Mankin score was significantly increased （P＜0.05）；the contents of COMP and cancer cells by indirect inhibition of RAD 51-mediated re - . Suppression of ERCC 1 and RAD51 expression through ERK 1/2 inactivation is essen - tial in emodin-mediated cytotoxicity in human non-small 。E-mail： cell lung cancer cells. p53 protein in knee joint fluid were increased significantly ，while the relative expression of BMP- 2 in knee joint tissue decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，the appearance ，histomorphology changes of knee joint cartilage in administration groups were improved，Mankin scores were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；the contents of COMP and p 53 protein in the knee joint fluid were decreased significantly ，and the relative expression of BMP- 2 in the knee joint tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05），but there was no significant difference between Aconitum group and Sodium hyaluronate group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Aconitum injection can improve synovitis inflammation ，delay articular cartilage degeneration ， promote cartilage repair and protect joints of KOA model rabbits. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting COMP secretion ， decreasing p 53 protein expression and promoting BMP- 2 release.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of fixation with TightRope plate combined with hollow screw in the minimally invasive surgery for fresh Neer type Ⅱ B distal clavicle fracture.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2018, 27 patients with fresh Neer type Ⅱ B distal clavicle fractures underwent minimally invasive surgery using TightRope plate and hollow screw for fixation. The distal clavicle fracture was repositioned, and then the medial and lateral margins of coracoid base were located by Kirschner wires. A 0.8 cm incision was made on the skin above the undamaged clavicle more than 1.0 cm from the innermost side of fracture line. Under the guidance of X-ray, after drilling needle and reaming on the clavicle and the coracoid base, the medial side of clavicle fracture was fixed by TightRope plate. After drilling needle obliquely from the anterior lateral margin to the posterior medial one at the distal clavicle, a hollow screw of 3.0 mm in diameter was used to fix the clavicle fracture.Results:All operations were successful. Patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months and bone union was achieved from 8 to 20 weeks. The range of motion of shoulder joint was nearly normal at about 8 weeks after operation. At the last follow-up, the curative effect was excellent in 25 cases and good in 2 cases according to Constant-Murley standard.Conclusion:The minimally invasive surgery with TightRope plate and hollow screw is effective for Neer type Ⅱ B distal clavicle fracture, with simple manipulation, less cosmetic defect, rapid function rehabilitation, and short hospital stay.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of tanshinone IIA on neuronal apoptosis in the compressed spinal cord and its molecular mechanism by establishing a spinal cord compression model.@*Methods@#Twenty-four SD rats weighing 250-300 g were the experimental animals. The spinal cord compression model was established by clamping the spinal cord with arterial clamp. Six rats in each group were randomly selected and randomly divided into sham group (Sham group, given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline at the same dose once a day) and spinal cord compression injury group (SCI group, given normal salts). Water intraperitoneal injection, once a day), tanshinone IIA group (TAN group, 30 mg/kg tanshinone IIA intraperitoneal injection, once a day), LY2904002 group (LY group, 0.3 mg/kg LY294002 intraperitoneal injection, 5 min after 30 mg/kg tanshinone IIA intraperitoneal injection, once 1 d). After 3 d of intervention, the motor function of rats were evaluated by inclined plane test and BBB score. The expression of apoptotic genes and PI3K/AKT signaling molecules in the compressed spinal cord were detected by qPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*Results@#The BBB score 3.31±0.45 points, inclined angle 9.31°±1.02°, GSK-3β 0.35±0.06, CyclinD1 0.25±0.06, Bcl-2 0.38±0.06, p-PI3K 0.32±0.05, p-AKT 0.29±0.07 protein expression in SCI group were lower than those in Sham group. The protein expression of Caspase-9 3.27±0.54 and Caspase-3 2.73±0.35 in SCI group was higher than that in Sham group. The BBB score 9.31±1.02 points, inclined angle 24.95°±3.52°, GSK-3β 0.74±0.09, CyclinD1 0.69±0.11, Bcl-2 0.83±0.13, p-PI3K 0.77±0.11, p-AKT 0.69±0.08 in TAN group were higher than those in SCI group BBB score 3.31 ±0.45 points, inclined angle 9.31°±1.02°, GSK-3β 0.35±0.06, CyclinD1 0.25±0.06, Bcl-2 0.38±0.06, p-PI3K 0.32±0.05, p-AKT 0.29±0.07. The protein expression levels of Caspase-9 1.78±0.22 and Caspase-3 1.64±0.2 in TAN group were lower than those in SCI group 3.27±0.54 and Caspase-3 2.73±0.35. The BBB score, oblique angle and the expression of GSK-3β 0.43±0.07, CyclinD1 0.38±0.06, Bcl-2 0.49±0.09 in LY group were lower than those in TAN group. The protein expression of Caspase-9 2.54±0.38 and Caspase-3 2.25±0.37 in LY group were higher than TAN group.@*Conclusion@#Tanshinone IIA can inhibit the apoptosis of spinal cord tissue and alleviate the spinal cord injury in spinal cord compression rats by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Objective To explore the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on neuronal apoptosis in the compressed spinal cord and its molecular mechanism by establishing a spinal cord compression model.Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing 250-300 g were the experimental animals.The spinal cord compression model was established by clamping the spinal cord with arterial clamp.Six rats in each group were randomly selected and randomly divided into sham group (Sham group,given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline at the same dose once a day) and spinal cord compression injury group (SCI group,given normal salts).Water intraperitoneal injection,once a day),tanshinone ⅡA group (TAN group,30 mg/kg tanshinone ⅡA intraperitoneal injection,once a day),LY2904002 group (LY group,0.3 mg/kg LY294002 intraperitoneal injection,5 min after 30 mg/kg tanshinone ⅡA intraperitoneal injection,once 1 d).After 3 d of intervention,the motor function of rats were evaluated by inclined plane test and BBB score.The expression of apoptotic genes and PI3K/AKT signaling molecules in the compressed spinal cord were detected by qPCR,immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The BBB score 3.31±0.45 points,inclined angle 9.31°±1.02°,GSK-3β 0.35±0.06,CyclinD1 0.25±0.06,Bcl-2 0.38±0.06,p-PI3K 0.32±0.05,p-AKT 0.29±0.07 protein expression in SCI group were lower than those in Sham group.The protein expression of Caspase-9 3.27±0.54 and Caspase-3 2.73±0.35 in SCI group was higher than that in Sham group.The BBB score 9.31±1.02 points,inclined angle 24.95°±3.52°,GSK-3β 0.74±0.09,CyclinD1 0.69±0.11,Bcl-2 0.83±0.13,p-PI3K 0.77±0.11,p-AKT 0.69±0.08 in TAN group were higher than those in SCI group BBB score 3.31 ±0.45 points,inclined angle 9.31°±1.02°,GSK-3β 0.35±0.06,CyclinD1 0.25±0.06,Bcl-2 0.38±0.06,p-PI3K 0.32±0.05,p-AKT 0.29± 0.07.The protein expression levels of Caspase-9 1.78±0.22 and Caspase-3 1.64±0.2 in TAN group were lower than those in SCI group 3.27±0.54 and Caspase-3 2.73±0.35.The BBB score,oblique angle and the expression of GSK-3β 0.43±0.07,CyclinD1 0.38±0.06,Bcl-2 0.49±0.09 in LY group were lower than those in TAN group.The protein expression of Caspase-9 2.54±0.38 and Caspase-3 2.25±0.37 in LY group were higher than TAN group.Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the apoptosis of spinal cord tissue and alleviate the spinal cord injury in spinal cord compression rats by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Objective@#To sample survey the relationship between acute mountain sickness and mental health of officers and soldiers, so as to provide theoretical direction for the psychological prevent and counsel of them.@*Methods@#In May 2017, 61 officers and soldiers were selectedas subject investigated, and divided to AMS group included 35 persons and non-AMS group included 26 persons according to the finding of theAMS symptom division point table, then used symptom self-testing tableto test and evaluate the mental health of them.@*Results@#The AMS group showed significantly higher scores on the psychological parameters such as omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobicanxiety, parnoid ideation and so on (105.20±13.82, 1.37±0.26, 1.14±0.21, 1.16±0.19, 1.16±0.18, 1.06±0.11, 1.10±0.17, 1.22±0.19, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The mental factors of omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, parnoid ideation and so on had great influence on AMS, we should pay attention to these factors and carry on mental intervention, and enhance anti-stress ability of individual, to ensure the successful completion of plateau military mission.
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Objective:To explore the positive expressions of biological markers human mammaglobin (hMAM) combined with matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB2) mRNA in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients with micrometastases,and to clarify its clinical application value in diagnosis of the micrometastases in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients.Methods:A total of 74 patients with breast cancer,21 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 10 healthy controls were selected as the subjects.All the patients received surgical treatment and the peripheral blood was collected.The mRNA expression levels of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 in peripheral blood were measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The positive expression rates of detection of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were compared,and the differences in detection of hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 between the patients with different clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results:In the breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,the differences of positive expression rates of MMP-9 and C-erbB2 mRNA were significant (x2=6.450,P＜0.05;x2=5.636,P＜0.05),and the difference of positive expression rate of hMAM mRNA was sigificant between HER-2 positive and negative patients (x2=5.804,P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were 37.84％ (28/74),59.46％ (44/74) and 48.65％ (36/74) in the breast cancer patients,the combined postive expression rate of these three kinds of markers was 64.86 ％ (48/74),which were higher than those in healthy controls group (x2=5.676,P＜0.05;x2=3.102,P＞0.05;x2=5.339,P＜0.05;x2 =2.310,P＞0.05),fibroadenoma of breast group (x2 =8.438,P＜0.01;x2 =4.491,P＜ 0.05;x2 =7.982,P＜0.01;x2 =4.844,P＜0.05) and non-breast cancer group (healthy controls group+ breast fibroadenoma group) (x2 =13.093,P＜0.01;xx2 =6.471,P＜0.05;x2 =11.837,P＜0.01;x2 =6.103,P＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and the joint detection in the breast cancer patients at stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ were higher than those in the patients at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ;the positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with C-erbB2 were statistically significant (x2 =5.157,P＜0.05;x2 =4.912,P＜0.05).Conclusion:hMAM has a low positive rate in the diagnosis of micrometastases in the breast cancer patients,while hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 detection could improve the positive rates.which presents some clinical application value for the early diagnosis of breast cancer micrometastases.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the positive expressions of biological markers human mammaglobin (hMAM) combined with matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB2) mRNA in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients with micrometastases,and to clarify its clinical application value in diagnosis of the micrometastases in peripheral blood of the breast cancer patients.Methods:A total of 74 patients with breast cancer,21 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 10 healthy controls were selected as the subjects.All the patients received surgical treatment and the peripheral blood was collected.The mRNA expression levels of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 in peripheral blood were measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The positive expression rates of detection of hMAM,MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were compared,and the differences in detection of hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 between the patients with different clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results:In the breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,the differences of positive expression rates of MMP-9 and C-erbB2 mRNA were significant (x2=6.450,P＜0.05;x2=5.636,P＜0.05),and the difference of positive expression rate of hMAM mRNA was sigificant between HER-2 positive and negative patients (x2=5.804,P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 were 37.84％ (28/74),59.46％ (44/74) and 48.65％ (36/74) in the breast cancer patients,the combined postive expression rate of these three kinds of markers was 64.86 ％ (48/74),which were higher than those in healthy controls group (x2=5.676,P＜0.05;x2=3.102,P＞0.05;x2=5.339,P＜0.05;x2 =2.310,P＞0.05),fibroadenoma of breast group (x2 =8.438,P＜0.01;x2 =4.491,P＜ 0.05;x2 =7.982,P＜0.01;x2 =4.844,P＜0.05) and non-breast cancer group (healthy controls group+ breast fibroadenoma group) (x2 =13.093,P＜0.01;xx2 =6.471,P＜0.05;x2 =11.837,P＜0.01;x2 =6.103,P＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of individual hMAM and the joint detection in the breast cancer patients at stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ were higher than those in the patients at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ;the positive expression rates of individual hMAM and combined with C-erbB2 were statistically significant (x2 =5.157,P＜0.05;x2 =4.912,P＜0.05).Conclusion:hMAM has a low positive rate in the diagnosis of micrometastases in the breast cancer patients,while hMAM combined with MMP-9 and C-erbB2 detection could improve the positive rates.which presents some clinical application value for the early diagnosis of breast cancer micrometastases.
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Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin(MT)on tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampus of mice with exposure to lead(Pb)at early development stage and its possible mechanism.Methods Healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group(received normal water),lead exposure group(exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate from postnatal day 1(PND 1)to PND 21 through drinking water),MT group(received 50 mg/mL MT through drinking water since 12-month-old for 3 months)and MT combined with lead exposure group(exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate from PND 1 to PND 21 and then given 50 mg/mL MT since 12-month-old for 3 months through drinking water).The Pb levels in the blood and hippocampus were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory.The phosphorylation level of tau and the protein level of GRP78 and CHOP in hippocampus were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the Pb levels in the blood and hippocampus were significantly increased in lead exposure group(P<0.05),while MT treatment did not affect the Pb levels both in the blood and hippocampus.In the lead exposure group,the phosphorylation level of tau in the hippocampus was significantly increased compared with control group(P<0.01),and after treatment with MT,the phosphorylation level of tau in MT combined with lead exposure group was significantly decreased compared with the lead exposure group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the hippocampus was significantly higher in lead exposure group than in control group(P<0.05),and after treatment with MT,the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP were lower than those of the control group.Conclusion MT can ameliorate the phosphorylation level of tau in the hippocampus and defects of learning and memory in C57BL/6 mice with exposure to lead at early development stage,and this may be related with the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of reducing radiation dose and iodine contrast medium in 70 kVp abdominal CTA imaging in low-body mass index (BMI;≤22 kg/m2) patients.Methods The 48 patients with suspected abdominal vascular diseases and low BMI (≤22 kg/m2) underwent abdominal CTA.All patients were divided into two groups according to tube voltage and contrast intake randomly.The parameters of group A (n=27) were contrast intake 300 mgI/kg,70 kVp,the conditions of group B (n=21) were contrast intake 500 mgI/kg,120 kVp,and the other conditions were the same in both groups.The image quality of right renal arterial images was evaluated by two observers simultaneously (5-scale).The consistency and difference between the two observers were analyzed.The CT values of abdominal aorta,celiac trunk,superior mesenteric artery,common hepatic artery,pancreatic artery and erector spinae,SD values of erector spinae on the level of right renal hilus were measured respectively in both groups.The CT values of abdominal aorta and its main branches,the CNR of abdominal aorta,the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol),dose-length product (DLP) and overall iodine intake in each group were compared.Results The scoring of right renal arterial images in both groups were 5.00 (1.00),the results showed a good consistency (Kappa=0.932,0.911).The CT values of abdominal aorta,superior mesenteric artery,common hepatic artery and pancreatic artery in group A were all more than those of in group B (all P＜0.05).The CNR of group A was higher than that of group B (P＜0.05).The CTDIvoland DLP in group A decreased by 73.36％ and 74.41％ compared with group B.The overall iodine intakes in group A and group B were (46.33±6.43)ml and (84.31±10.71)rnl,respectively.The overall iodine intake of group A decreased by 45.05％ compared with group B.Conclusion For patients with low BMI (≤22 kg/m2),a 70 kVp tube current abdominal CTA scanning can significantly increase the contrast of images of abdominal artery and its branches.Meanwhile,the radiation dose and overall iodine intake can obviously decrease.